Panjabi (in Gurmukhi script)
Vowels and Diphthongs (see Note 1)
ਅ a ਏ e
ਆ ā ਐ ai
ਇ i ਓ o
ਈ ī ਔ au
ਉ u ਊ ū
Consonants (see Note 2)
Sibilants Aspirate Gutturals Palatals
ਸ sa ਹ ha ਕ ka ਚ ca
ਸ਼ sha ਖ kha ਛ cha
ਖ਼ kha ਜ ja
ਗ ga ਜ਼ za
ਗ਼ gha ਝ jha
ਘ gha ਞ ña
ਙ ṅa
Cerebrals Dentals Labials Semivowels
ਟ Ṭa ਤ ta ਪ pa ਯ ya
ਠ Ṭha ਥ tha ਫ pha ਰ ra
ਡ ḍa ਦ da ਫ਼ fa ਲ la
ਢ ḍha ਧ dha ਬ ba ਲ ḷa
ਣ ṅa ਨ na ਭ bha ਵ wa
ਮ ma ੜ ṛa
Bindī (see Note 4) Ṭippī (see Note 5) Adhik (see Note 6)
◌ਂ ṃ ◌ੰ m̆ ◌ੱ
[doubles the following consonant]
Notes
1. Only the vowel forms that appear at the beginning of a syllable are listed; the forms used for
vowels following a consonant can be found in grammars; no distinction between the two is
made in transliteration.
2. The vowel a is implicit after consonant clusters and may be implicit after consonants except
when they are final or when another vowel is indicated by its appropriate sign. The cases in
which the vowel a is implicit, however, can be determined only from a knowledge of the
language or from suitable reference sources. In such cases the a is supplied in transliteration.
3. The dotted letters are used in Urdu words.
4. Exception:Bindī is transliterated by:
a) ṅ before gutturals,
b) ñ before palatals,
c) ṇ before cerebrals,
d) n before dentals, and
e) m before labials.
5. Exception:Ṭippī is transliterated by:
a) ṅ before gutturals,
b) ñ before palatals,
c) ṇ before cerebrals,
d) n before dentals, and
e) m before labials.
6. Exception: When adhik implies the combination of a non-aspirated and an aspirated
consonant, the combination is transliterated as a non-aspirated, followed by an aspirated
consonant.
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/panjabi.pdf
