How to transliterate Gurmukhi/Panjabi

Panjabi (in Gurmukhi script) 

Vowels and Diphthongs (see Note 1) 
ਅ   a             ਏ  e 
ਆ  ā            ਐ  ai 
ਇ   i              ਓ  o 
ਈ   ī               ਔ  au 
ਉ   u              ਊ  ū 
     
Consonants (see Note 2) 
Sibilants  Aspirate  Gutturals  Palatals 
ਸ  sa           ਹ  ha      ਕ  ka       ਚ  ca 
ਸ਼  sha                       ਖ  kha      ਛ  cha 
                                 ਖ਼  kha     ਜ  ja 
                                 ਗ  ga       ਜ਼  za 
                                 ਗ਼  gha     ਝ jha 
                                  ਘ  gha    ਞ  ña 
                                   ਙ  ṅa   
               
Cerebrals Dentals Labials Semivowels 

ਟ Ṭa          ਤ ta          ਪ  pa     ਯ  ya 
ਠ Ṭha       ਥ tha        ਫ  pha    ਰ ra 
ਡ  ḍa        ਦ  da         ਫ਼  fa      ਲ la 
ਢ  ḍha      ਧ  dha       ਬ  ba      ਲ ḷa 
ਣ  ṅa        ਨ  na         ਭ  bha    ਵ  wa 
                                  ਮ  ma  ੜ ṛa 
              
Bindī (see Note 4) Ṭippī (see Note 5) Adhik (see Note 6)
◌ਂ  ṃ  ◌ੰ  m̆  ◌ੱ 
[doubles the following consonant] 
 Notes 

1. Only the vowel forms that appear at the beginning of a syllable are listed; the forms used for 
vowels following a consonant can be found in grammars; no distinction between the two is 
made in transliteration. 
2. The vowel a is implicit after consonant clusters and may be implicit after consonants except 
when they are final or when another vowel is indicated by its appropriate sign.  The cases in 
which the vowel a is implicit, however, can be determined only from a knowledge of the 
language or from suitable reference sources.  In such cases the a is supplied in transliteration. 
3. The dotted letters are used in Urdu words. 
4. Exception:Bindī is transliterated by: 
a) ṅ before gutturals, 
b) ñ before palatals, 
c) ṇ before cerebrals, 
d) n before dentals, and  
e) m before labials. 
5. Exception:Ṭippī is transliterated by: 
a) ṅ before gutturals, 
b) ñ before palatals, 
c) ṇ before cerebrals, 
d) n before dentals, and  
e) m before labials. 
6. Exception: When adhik implies the combination of a non-aspirated and an aspirated 
consonant, the combination is transliterated as a non-aspirated, followed by an aspirated 
consonant. 

http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/panjabi.pdf

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